Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Music - Essay Example This much creativity in the musical history was never witnessed before. The work done under this era had great emotional and structural significance. This symphony is an excellent example of a classical piece introduced in the later half of the eighteenth century. It also includes elements of romance to be continued in the nineteenth century. First performance based on this symphony was on 7th April 1805. The instruments used in composing the symphony include flutes, oboes, clarinets, bassoons, horns, trumpets, timpani and strings. The structure of the symphony is as follows: 1. Allegro con brio 2. Marcia funebre: Adagio assai in C minor 3. Scherzo: Allegro vivace 4. Finale: Allegro molto Actually Beethoven composed this symphony for Napoleon Bonaparte and planned to dedicate the symphony to him only. This was because as a person, Beethoven was deeply inspired by the people who led the French Revolution and Napoleon was one significant and respectable person of that era. This reflect ed some great respect and admiration that Beethoven had for Napoleon in his heart. Considering his financial situation at that time, he could have also dedicated this symphony to Prince Franz Joseph and received a great monetary reward for it. But he did not turn away from his initial decision and dedicated it to Napoleon only. All these insights about Beethoven were given forward by Maynard Solomon. But in May 1804, when Bonaparte declared himself to be the ‘emperor of the French’, Beethoven got very disheartened and disgusted at this declaration. He went to great extents to display his ferocity and hatred for Napoleon. He went to the table where his symphony laid, and then he grabbed it and tore the first page on which the title of the symphony was written. He tore it into pieces brimming with anger. The title of this symphony was Bonaparte. This incident has been narrated by Ries in a very interesting manner: In writing this symphony Beethoven had been thinking of Bu onaparte, but Buonaparte while he was First Consul. At that time Beethoven had the highest esteem for him and compared him to the greatest consuls of ancient Rome. Not only I, but many of Beethoven's closer friends, saw this symphony on his table, beautifully copied in manuscript, with the word "Buonaparte" inscribed at the very top of the title-page and "Ludwig van Beethoven" at the very bottom. †¦I was the first to tell him the news that Buonaparte had declared himself Emperor, whereupon he broke into a rage and exclaimed, "So he is no more than a common mortal! Now, too, he will tread under foot all the rights of man, indulge only his ambition; now he will think himself superior to all men, become a tyrant!" Beethoven went to the table, seized the top of the title-page, tore it in half and threw it on the floor. The page had to be re-copied and it was only now that the symphony received the title "Sinfonia eroica.† (Beethoven and Hamburger 29-30) The real version of th e symphony however has been preserved through a person who copied the original symphony. In 1821, when Bonaparte died, Beethoven said that he had written the symphony for this sad day seventeen years ago. He said it on Bonaparte’s funeral. The symphony was thus written for signifying the heroism of the great emperor, Napoleon Bonaparte. It is because of this background information that this symphony of Beethoven is said to have a strong emotional value. A major chunk of this symphony was written in the later half of 1803 and was completed in early 1804. It was first time performed in front of the public in Vienna's Theater an der Wien on 7 April 1805 by Beethoven himself. For this performance, the work's key was announced as "Dis", the

Project Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Project Management - Assignment Example The application allows the employees to register for the company-Sponsored recreational programs, which includes bowling, walking, jogging among others. In addition, this application allows the employees to register for company-sponsored classes and programs for management of weight stress and other health related complications. The service cost benefit of this application is the ability to track employees on the level of involvement in these activities. To ensure effective implementation of this application the company’s top management is advised to offer incentives for the employees to join these programs (Patel, 2008). The financial cost benefit of this application to the company can be calculated as follows Assume that the present cost of the industry average health care premium is X, this means that MYH, Inc pays 20% more of X , which is equivalent to 1.2X. However, upon implementation of the application the company is able to save AED 120/employee/ year for full time employees for four years. This follows that the total amount saved on the 20,000 full time employees is as the following calculation The ability of this application to track employee health care expenses and company health care costs and facilitating the data importation from the current systems that track employee expenses submitted by the insurance providers if fundamental as it facilitates clarity in the employees expenditure relative to the company ‘s care cost on the employees. This helps in establishing the exact loss or profit incurred at the end of the fiscal year. This is relative to the health care expenditure. The calculations is as illustrated below The concept of cross-selling is based on the premise that when the organizations offers additional goods and services to the organization’s customers get more value to suppliers and other organizational

Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Terrorism - Essay Example Those advocating for the leadership of the UN to fight terrorism cite the strained relations with long-standing allies that resulted from the invasion of Iraq without being sanctioned by the UN as a major setback to the nation. Following their perspective that terrorism is a global problem, they believe that international cooperation will achieve better results as it will pool together diplomatic, intelligence and financial resources. Instead, if the nation goes to war against terrorism on its terms and leadership, the necessary resources for domestic protection will be diverted overseas. Those supporting forceful and aggressive mean opine that when the US acts on its own, it will bypass the difficulties associated with seeking international cooperation, which often takes place while the nation’s vulnerability to terrorist attacks increases. Preemptive measures, they propose, are the best way to work without worrying about different political motivations or constraints present ed by potential international partners. This stems from their notion that there are conventions already in place by the UN against terrorism but they have largely been ineffective or unenforceable.This paper supports a diplomatic approach towards addressing the terrorist menace. It is imperative for the measures adopted by the US to reflect the nation’s democracy and ethics. It is true that 9/11 attacks sent a message of vulnerability to Americans, in their own country, that they had not experienced in over five decades.

Personal Life and Sports Essay Example for Free

Personal Life and Sports Essay Sport plays a huge role in our everyday life. Whether it’s physically, mentally or spiritually, sports have a big impact on anyone’s life, especially, to the average sport fan. Participating in team sports helps develop good character, it inspires us to pursue a healthy lifestyle and lastly It is proven that by having a regular social network through sports it will make you live longer. I believe that by being a dedicated sports fan you can live a healthier and longer life. Being involved in sports helps develop good character becuase sports involve team work, gaining of social experiences and helps relieve stress. Working toward a common goal is an integral part of the sports experience for athletes. It is through this experience that some grow into leaders and others into strong supporters, both of which a team will need to be successful. Finding their role on a team is a similar experience to finding your meaning in life, a definite life experience for participants. Team sports such as basketball, football and soccer underscore the necessity of working together to achieve your goals. Players learn firsthand how to achieve success through hard work, perseverance and consistency. Teamwork is a very versatile character trait. It can be used in many parts of life, from sports to the workplace. They teach you not only how to lead, but how to take directions from someone else. It also means that one is constantly learning to work well with others and develop respect for each others unique talents. The next advantage of being a sports fan is that it inspires one to purse a healthy lifestyle. Sports require athletes to be in a perfect condition. The people may not be good looking but they have amazing bodies that any of us would kill for. As a possible example, imagine that there is a car which has not worked for years. If you try to run the motor engine, it will not work anymore since it has been rusted and its engine may be broken down. As a result, people is smillar to engines and motors. If we don’t do sports, we will be forced to rust, in other words, decomposition of our body; afterwards, we may have some minor problems with our body when we even need to small walk. We must practice a consistant healthy lifestyle to continue to be and feel the best of our ability. In addition, sports balance our body’s blood pressure and circulation. According to many researchs which have been done by scientists, we can prove the importance of sports for our health because 70% middle aged people who did not do sports in their youth are now struggling with the problems such as high tension, trouble with blood circulation, easily become tired due to the lack of sports. Even people who are just watching a game burn calories! If your at a live game you have to walk all those steps just to get to your seat. If your relaxing at home watching the game and jump up excited becuase your team makes a touch down, that helps you burn calories too! Lastly but not least, one great benefit for being a sports fan is that it is proven that it will help increase the length of your life! Research shows that by maintaing a strong social network with friends who have similar interests that it improves your chance of living longer by about 50%. It doubles your odds of surviving cancer and wards off colds, according to a Brigham Young University study. An easy example of practicing this social expierence is by gathering friends over at your house for monday night football, even if your team looses you still have that social expierence with your friends. Participating in sports gives athletes the ability to develop tight and lasting friendships with others who have common interests. This is a valuable experience that usually leaves them with lasting life long memories In conclusion Participating in team sports helps develop good character, it inspires us to pursue a healthy lifestyle and lastly It is proven that by having a regular social network through sports it will make you live longer. I believe that by being a dedicated sports fan you can live a healthier and longer life. These are just a couple of many great benefits that you can achieve by being a sports fan. Sports are fun where most people find the common ground to become united and enjoy a great game!

The Recycling Of Metals Engineering Essay

The Recycling Of Metals Engineering Essay In our report we are discussing about recycling of metals and why we go in for recycling it. Also we have chosen five metals namely steel, aluminum, copper, lead, and tungsten which are recycled efficiently during the recycling process and discuss about the method of processing and benefits of recycling process. Metals play an important part in modern societies and have historically been linked with industrial development and improved living standards. Society can draw on metal resources from Earths crust as well as from metal discarded after use in the economy [1]. Metals are highly recyclable materials because their intrinsic properties dont change much on repeated recycling. If we increase their reuse and recycling the metals have a potential to improve resource productivity, and to reduce energy use, some emissions, and waste disposal. Improper recovery of metals from the economy increases reliance on primary resources and can impact nature by increasing the dispersion of metals in ecosystems. What is metal recycling? Metal recycling is the process of reusing old metal material, mainly aluminum and steel, to make new products. Recycling old metal products uses 95% less  energy  than manufacturing it from new materials [2]. Why metal recycling? It is easy and cost-effective to recycle metal, and metal can be recycled continuously without losing its properties. Therefore recycling metal reduces the environmental impacts associated with metal mining and production.   2. Materials and Methods a. Aluminum Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the world and also one of the most recycled a fact that can be attributed to the strong price it commands in worldwide commodities markets. It is estimated that over 50% of aluminum cans produced will be recycled, with some countries having a recovery rate of greater than 90%. Aluminum is a sustainable metal because of its high recovery rate and recyclability, with 2/3 of all the aluminum ever produced in use today. i. Applications of aluminum Electrical conductors, transport, packaging, building and architecture, miscellaneous applications such as high pressure gas cylinders, machined components, sporting equipment, road barriers and signs and lithographic plates ii. Recycling of Aluminum The recycling of aluminum provides many environmental and economic benefits. Aluminum recycling saves a substantial amount of energy. Aluminum is a sustainable metal and can be recycled repeatedly for any number of times. It is also the most valuable recycled product that we humans consume. The marketing of aluminum enables the municipalities to reduce some of the cost of recycling of other less valuable products, which provides an economic necessity to recycle. In these days, it is cheaper, faster and more energy saving and also efficient to recycle aluminum than the olden days. Aluminum, being 100 percent recyclable can be recycled indefinitely. The process of recycling aluminum cans is described below [3]; Aluminum cans and other such wastes are collected from house wastes and by municipal garbage. Using a device called eddy current separator, the wastes are sorted when it arrives to company. The eddy current electrically charges and causes it to repel from the device in to a sorting stream and then is passed on in to an awaiting bin. Then these are condensed into highly dense, briquettes weighing 30-pound or bales of 1,200-pound. This is then shipped off to aluminum companies for melting and further processing. Once the condensed briquettes and bales arrives to the aluminum companies, it is shredded, crushed and torn off of their inside and outside decorations through a simple process of burning. Then, these palm sized pieces of aluminum are loaded into furnaces for melting, where the recycled metal is blended along with the new, virgin aluminum. Aluminum is melted and then poured ingot moulds and is cast in to ingots. It is then arranged in to 25-foot long ingots that weigh over 30,000 pounds. These ingots are then fed into rolling mills which reduce the thickness of the metal from about 20 inches into sheets that are about 10/1,000 of an inch thick. These metal sheets are then coiled and shipped to can makers that produce cans and other related products. These processed cans are then delivered for the filling of beverages to companies. Molten furnaceThe filled cans are then distributed to stores and supermarkets for sales. The consumers then consume it and is then put in to bins or collecting centres. Then the cans enter the recycling cycle and the whole process repeated. A used can gets back in to the stores shelves in as little as 60 days. Reverse mill products aluminum Aluminum plant plant Aliuminum plant process scrap Used aluminum products Aluminum ingot output Ingot cast Molten aluminum Aluminum scrap are collected iii. Applications of recycled aluminum Transportation Equipment, Containers and Packaging, Construction Materials, Durable Goods iv. Benefits of recycling aluminum [4] Conserves energy Manufacturing aluminum from virgin ore consumes a huge amount of energy in each and every step from metallurgy to casting which increases our dependence on fossil fuels. Recycling aluminum saves 92 percent of the energy needed to produce aluminum from bauxite ore. A single aluminum can, when recycled saves the amount of energy that is equivalent to the energy that is needed to power a television set for 3 hours. Conserves raw material Main source for the aluminum industry is the aluminum scrap because of its recycling nature. The recycled aluminum saves 4 tons of bauxite ore and 1,500 pounds of petroleum coke and pitch for every ton of re-melted aluminum instead of extracting. Reduces Pollution Recycling aluminum requires only less energy than manufacturing so, it means reduced greenhouse emissions. Also it reduces secondary effects on the environment, such as global warming and acid rain. Therefore recycling aluminum instead of extracting virgin ore eliminates nearly about 95 percent of air pollution and 97 percent of water pollution. b. Copper Copper is the ancient and most used metal by man. After iron and aluminum, copper is the most leading metal produced in the market. Copper is very commonly used in electrical and plumbing applications. Since number of electrical components are used in our day to day life, the application of copper increases day by day. Copper is used directly or as an alloy with iron (Bronze). Many ancient aircrafts are made of bronze. Most of the raw materials have alloys added to their base metal. i. Applications of copper Comparing to other metals, copper is more often used in its pure form than alloys. Copper have high resistance to corrosion and high electrical and thermal conductivity in the pure form which makes it suitable for most of the electrical, heating and plumbing applications. ii. Recycling of copper Casting the molten metal Temp 11600C into billets Molten furnace 99% pure Cu Extrusion process into tubes Collection and sorting of the scrap In Europe, 41% of copper for its applications are obtained from recycling [5]. Recycling of copper is done by the following steps. The scraps rich in copper are waste electrical and electronic equipments, old taps, plumbing pipes and scraps from copper/copper alloy production and manufacturing. So these scraps are first collected, sized and sorted. These sorted scraps are then melted, casted and then made into new copper products. When the copper scraps are received for recycling, it is first visually inspected, graded and analyzed chemically if necessary. Loose scraps are baled and stored until processed. High grade copper scraps are melted directly, but in some cases it is brought to higher purity when it is in a molten state while refining. It is then followed by deoxidization and then casted into billets or ingots for further production process. Temperature is reduced to 6000C optimal extrusion Wired into different diameters for several applications iii. Benefits of copper recycling [5] Environment Continuous mining may reduce the strength of the soil. The refining process will emit some dust particles along with some waste gases such as sulphur dioxide etc which will have some harmful effects on the environment. Even though many copper producers are involved in minimizing these harmful effects (sulphur dioxide is captured and used to make sulphuric acid) it is not possible to eliminate them completely. So the recycling process will enhance for this as a whole. Landfill costs If the used materials are not recycled, it will be sent for landfills. It is same in the case of copper where the non recycled copper materials are dumped as a whole in the earth called landfill. Once if we are continuously involved in increasing the content of landfill, it becomes very difficult to dispose those materials if it becomes full. Energy saving In general, the energy required for extracting one ton of copper from its ore is approximately 100GJ. But the energy required for producing same amount of copper from recycling is only 10GJ, which is only 10% of the energy needed for extraction. This results in saving a number of valuable reserves such as coal, natural gas etc. Conservation Currently 12% of known copper resources have been mined. However the number is finite and it makes sense to conserve these ores by recycling. The recycling efficiency of copper is about 40 to 60%. Economics Recycling copper is very economical compared to mine and extract new copper. Recycled copper saves 90% of the cost of the original copper which obviously helps to keep the cost of copper products down. c. Steel Steel  is an alloy mostly consists of  iron and carbon  content between 0.2% and 2.1% by weight [7]. Steel is normally produced by smelting iron ore which is a commercial process where it contains more carbon and to become steel, it must be melted and reprocessed to reduce the amount of carbon and other elements are added, the liquid is then  continuously cast  into long slabs or  cast  into  ingots .Steel is mostly used in engineering and construction materials. It is very friendly to the environment and completely recyclable due to high durability, less energy consumption. i. Applications of steel Iron and steel are most widely used in the construction of roads, railways, other infrastructure appliances and buildings.Steel is used in variety of other  construction  materials, such as bolts,  nails, and  screws [10]. ii. Recycling of steel The unique magnetic properties of steel make it an easy material to recover from the waste so it can be recycled. The properties of the steel remain unchanged no matter how many times they are recycled. Steel recycling saves 75 percent of the energy which would be used to create steel from raw materials, enough to power 18 million homes. Over 65 percent of the steel produced in the U.S. is recycled into new steel every year. Steel is recycled in the following process. Collecting: The steel scraps are collected first from the companies; households etc†¦Then are taken to the recycling industry. Shredding: After it has reached the recycling plant the collected scraps are shredded into pieces. Magnetic Separation: The shredded pieces reach the magnetic separation process where the steel is attracted to magnet and gets separated from other metals. De tinning:   Steel cans normally have a layer of tin on them, where tin can is recycled on its own. This is usually carried out in specialized steel company, such as a steel mill or a scrap dealer. Melting: The separated steels scarps are the kept in a furnace for melting and hence the melted steel is casted and rolled into flat sheets.   Reformation:   Once the steel is in sheet form, it can be molded into products such as new steel cans, car parts or construction materials. Steel can be recycled infinitely without losing its strength or quality. iii. Applications of Recycled steel The recycled steel are used in appliances, Bridges Cans, Cars/trucks, Construction materials, Desks, File cabinets, Fire hydrants, Guard rails, Utility poles. iv. Benefits of recycling steel [9] Conservation of Natural Resources The recycling process in less expensive when compared with the manufacturing and also ecofriendly. Therefore using scrap steel helps preserve natural resources and energy. According to the Steel Recycling Institute, for every ton of steel recycled, 2,500 pounds of iron ore, 1,400 pounds of coal and 120 pounds of limestone are conserved. By recycling, the steel industry also conserves a huge amount of energy, thus the energy can be used for other useful purposes. Landfill Space Recycling steel helps in saving landfill space by diverting steel from the waste stream. Reduces Air and water pollution Manufacturing steel from its virgin ore involves the emission of greenhouse gases, which contribute to global warming. Therefore using recycled steel generates 85 percent fewer emissions. Using scrap steel as a raw material in a steel mill can diminish water pollution by 76 percent and its mining waste by 97 percent said by Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries. Economically Advantageous Recycling the old steel into new steel than manufacturing steel completely from virgin ore is more profitable. d. Lead Lead is an element with a symbol Pb and has an atomic number of 82. It is very soft and malleable in nature. It comes under the category of heavy metals. Lead as a metal has a bluish-white color when it is freshly cut, but the color soon tarnishes to a dull grayish color when it is exposed to air. Lead forms in to a shiny chrome-silver luster when it is melted into a liquid. Melting point of lead is 327.46 degree Celsius and a boiling point of 1749 degree Celsius. It is also known for its density which is 11.34g/cubic meter. Another important property of lead is that it is resistant to corrosion [11] i. Applications of lead Lead is used in ballast keel of sailboats and also in scube diving belts due to its property of high density. It is also used to cast small arms and ammunition and shotgun pellets. Lead is also used in printing. Since it is a non corrosion metal it suitable for outdoor applications when in contact with water. It is used in statues and sculptures and also in construction industry. Apart from all these, more than half of the worldwide lead production is used as electrodes in the lead-acid battery used extensively as a car battery. ii. Recycling of lead [13] Following are the recycling process. Receiving Batteries and recyclable raw materials are unloaded, weighed and sent to raw material processing center. Separation Batteries are broken apart in the hammer mill, and separated into three main components-leads, plastic and acid-by screening and gravity separation. Each component moves into a separate processing stream. Containment After initial processing, recovered lead and other lead wastes are stored in a specially designed containment building with a double-lined floor and leak-detection system. Purification The Waste water purification and treatment system neutralizes, purifies and converts the sulphuric acid into a pH- neutral liquid that is safely released into the sewer system. Smelting and refining After the lead is melted in blast furnaces, we mix the reclaimed lead with other materials to produce lead alloys. Casting Refined lead is poured into molds and cooled. Ingot molds come in three size large blocks (hogs), rectangular bars (pigs), and tube-shaped (billets). iii. Benefits of recycling lead Mining of lead requires energy of about 1000 TJ whereas recovering of lead from batteries and other sources requires only about 12.9 TJ. We clearly see that we save nearly 77 times the energy in the recovering process. Recycling lead also releases less amount of carbon dioxide when compared to the process of mining of lead from ore. To be accurate, recycling process gives 1.5Kt CO2 while the mining process gives 163Kt CO2 .This clearly shows the reduction in the amount of emission of green house gases to more than 100 times. Mineral resources are saved. Land resources are also saved from making it in to landfills. Lead recycling gives almost 100% efficiency. e. Tungsten recycling [14] Tungsten is a chemical element with a chemical symbol W and an atomic weight of 74. Tungsten is a whitish-gray metal and is one of the heaviest metals that have the highest melting point of any element except carbon; excellent high-temperature mechanical properties. The average concentration of tungsten in the Earths crust is estimated to be approximately0.0001%. The available ores for extracting tungsten are Scheelite (CaWO4) and Wolframite [(Fe, Mn) WO4].The leading use was as tungsten carbide in cemented carbides are use to make cutting tools and also as wear-resistant components by the construction, metalworking, mining, and oil drilling industries. Tungsten alloy or pure tungsten metal contacts, electrodes, and wires are used in electrical, electronic, heating, lighting, and welding applications. Tungsten alloys and composites are used as a substitute for lead in bullets and shot. Tungsten chemicals are used to make catalysts, corrosion-resistant coatings, dyes and pigments, fir e-resistant compounds, high-temperature lubricants, and phosphors. As on today, the market rate for the tungsten ore is $16.25 per pound. This clearly shows the demand and the necessity for the metal. We have seen previously that only 0.0001 percent of ore is present over the earths crust and the price too being very expensive brings about the necessity of recovering and recycling from used mediums. This can save a lot of resources, energy required for mining ores and its processing to get the metal. Thus we clearly see recycling and recovering serves a great way for saving tungsten recourses. i. Recycling process Recycling of tungsten has been done since early 90s. We evidently are having a good progress in this recycling process. There are many ways to recycle the metal. But it depends on the type of scrap we choose to recover it from. The types of scraps are given below: Old scrap It consists of tungsten-bearing products that are worn out. Used cemented carbide parts like metal cutting tools, some tungsten metal and tungsten alloy parts from electrical equipments. Old super alloy scrap includes used turbine blades and other parts removed from jet engines. It also includes some tool steel components. New scrap It is generated during the processing of tungsten concentrates, scrap, and chemicals to make metal powder and during the fabrication of tungsten products from these materials. This includes hard scrap consisting of solid pieces, such as sub specification alloy parts and cemented carbide parts, soft scrap consists of fine particles, such as bag house dust from steel and alloy manufacture. Unrecovered scrap It represents tungsten in scrap that has not been recycled. Some of its examples include burned out lamps and lighting fixtures, electrical contact disks, land filled spent catalysts and low-grade grinding swarfs, non collectable carbide parts, tungsten carbide hard facing materials, and welding electrode stubs. Processing of alloy scraps The oxidation-reduction process is the preferred method for recycling tungsten heavy metal alloy turnings and powders. In this direct recycling process, the scrap is oxidized by heating it in air at 800 ° C, milled and screened, hydrogen reduced between 900 ° to 1,000 °C, screened, blended, and then mixed with virgin heavy metal alloy powder to make a ready-to-press powder for the production of new products. Processing of cemented carbide scrap Cemented carbide producers supply scrap directly to converters, who return recycled powders to them for reuse. The processing method involves oxidation followed by alkali leaching. Cemented carbide scrap could be recycled by semi direct methods, such as acid leaching, bloating followed by leaching, electrolysis, or leach-milling. Processing of pure tungsten powder scraps Pure tungsten metal scrap could be recycled by using the following method. Electrolysis, which uses the scrap as an anode in an electrolytic solution, then chemical processing in which melting is followed by oxidation-reduction. Processing of thoriated tungsten scrap Thoriated tungsten electrodes are also used in a variety of high-performance and special application lighting products, such as high-intensity discharge lamps. The scrap is oxidized in air and then either reduced with iron by using a silicothermic or aluminothermic process to make ferrotungsten or processed chemically to make APT. The thorium oxide, which ends up in the slag in the production process is sent to a low-level radiation depository. Cleaned thoriated tungsten powders, solids, and turnings, which are generated as new scrap during the production of thoriated tungsten products or, in the case of solids, as old scrap by consumers, are processed by using the oxidation-reduction method. ii. Benefits of recycling tungsten †¢Recovering tungsten this way enables us to save two-third of energy we spend for mining new tungsten from the ore. That is we spend only one-third of energy for recovering Tungsten when compared to mining. †¢Recycle efficiency of tungsten is 66% †¢CO2 emission is sustained there by contributing its merit to green house effect. †¢Saves mineral resource i.e 0.0001% of tungsten in earths crust What are the Benefits of metal recycling? Get paid for you give to scrap metal recycling facilities. Emission of green house gases gets reduced. Aluminum and steel can be recycled repeatedly. Decreases environmental damage caused by mining Conserves land and water resource. Things to be done The secondary metal production is been affected by environmental regulation through laws that control emissions and govern the classification and treatment of metal-loaded wastes. Also industry must develop better technology to isolate and recover maximum value from metals in waste streams, and governments must institute policies that remove barriers to their economically and environmentally. Only through a cooperative effort can society recover a maximum amount of metal from the industrial/social system to benefit the environment. Conclusions Recycling of metals helps us to make sustained use of metals. It conserves energy, natural resources, therefore reduces pollution. Due to the unique valuable properties metals will remain an integral part of future industrial society. Decades of increased productivity and more efficient technologies for metals production and use has decreased the share claimed by the primary and secondary metals industries. Many recycling techniques should be carried out so that the environmental benefits gets increasing on the reliance on secondary metal production include conserving energy, landscapes, and natural resources, and reducing toxic and nontoxic waste streams. If every country embraces it, a global impact will be achieved.

Aristotle :: biographies biography bio

Background Again, men in general desire the good, and not merely what their fathers had. - Aristotle, Politics * Aristotle was born in 384 BC at Stagira in northern Greece. * He was the son of Nicomachus, a physician with close connections to the Macedonian court. * Some believe it to be his father's influence that gave Aristotle his interest in anatomy and the structure of living things in general. * He was a Greek philosopher and scientist. Life / Career Education is the best provision for the journey to old age. - Aristotle * Aristotle went to Athens to study at Plato's Academy at the age of 17. He stayed for 20 years, first as a student and then as a teacher. * Aristotle moved to Assos, a city in Asia Minor, after the death of Plato in 347 BC. Here he counseled his friend, Hermias of Atarneus, and married Hermias' niece and adopted daughter, Pythias. * After Hermias' execution at the hands of the Persians in 345 BC, Aristotle travelled to Pella, the Macedonian capital. * In 342 BC, he began tutoring King Philip II's young son Alexander, who later became known as Alexander the Great. * When Alexander became king in 335 BC, Aristotle returned to Athens where he founded his own school, the Lyceum. * The Lyceum was involved in a greater range of subjects than the Academy, even during Plato's time. * The Lyceum was often refered to as the Peripatetic ('walking' or 'strolling') school because many teacher-student discussions took place while walking on its grounds. * Aristotle spent the last year of his life at a family estate in Chalcis on the Aegean island of what is now Evvoia. He died in 322 BC. # Many believe Aristotle to be the most influential philosopher in the history of Western thought. * The logic of this last century was based on much of his thoughts and logic.

Maya Angelou: Interpretation of Poetry

Maya Angelou Dr. Maya Angelou, born April 24, 1928, was a phenomenal poet, memoirist, novelist, educator, dramatist, producer, actress, historian, filmmaker, and civil rights activist known as one of the greatest voices of renaissance. She experienced harsh racial discrimination throughout her lifetime, and yet in the midst of her trials she never loses self-respect or confidence. Through her powerful delivery of words she dually embodies her captivating personality and demeanor. Altogether, her works are representations of who she is and what she believes in.Sandra Cookson is the author of an article featured in World Literature Today, published by the University of Oklahoma, who does a wonderful job of illuminating Angelou's impactful messages that lie within her poem â€Å"Still I Rise†. In addition, Kelly Holland Cecil, a student who attended University of North Carolina in 1998, conducted a thorough analysis on many of Angelou's Poems. Cecil provides a door of understandi ng as she analytically goes into depth on explaining Dr. Angelou's poem, â€Å"Phenomenal Woman†.Through careful study and analysis of Angelou's poetry followed by research obtained from research an understanding of who she was and the message she was trying to get across may be developed. To begin with, Angelou believes that being â€Å"phenomenal† does not come from the beauty that is accepted from others but from one's genuine uniqueness. The persona in â€Å"Phenomenal Woman,† portrays a strong, proud woman of modesty and humility which is undoubtedly Angelou. She displays this in the first line of the poem, when she says â€Å"Pretty women wonder where my secret lies. The auditor purposely separates herself from the â€Å"in-crowd†, which in this case is â€Å"pretty women. † Thus, suggesting that she does not even consider herself as attractive. Then, in line 2 she reassures the auditor of her disposition when she writes â€Å"I'm not cute or built to suit a fashion model's size. † After initially reading these first two lines, it is possible for them to be mistaken for insecurities, but as one reads further, it is clear that Angelou is not ashamed of her individuality but indeed exuberantly modest.It's in the reach of my arms The span of my hips, The stride of my step, The curl of my lips. I'm a woman Phenomenally. Phenomenal woman, That's me. After reading the lines above, there is no doubt that the she does not view herself as a woman with model beauty, but, in her perspective, a phenomenal woman. Looking at lines 1-4 above, rather than the traditional looks that are generally accepted from men of female models, she illuminates the less noticeable features of her body that make her unique in a special way.Although an exact number was unmentioned, she specifically refers to her height in line 3 above. Angelou was an imposing woman standing at about six feet tall(Cecil 1998). This is yet another display of Ange lou's character proving that she is proud of the physical features she has that make her inimitable. Furthermore, the Angelou uses repetition which according to Cecil â€Å"helps give the poem a flow and makes it seem more familiar and lyrical. † The person repeats the following lines at the end of each stanza: I'm a woman Phenomenally Phenomenal womanThat's me. Due to Angelou's history of musicality she incorporates this style of repetition just as a hook or chorus to a song. She does in such a manner that almost forces the auditor to say it with her and eventually acknowledge that she is not a â€Å"pretty woman†, but â€Å"a phenomenal woman/ phenomenally†. According to Cecil, This may have been influenced by her career as a dancer and as a Broadway actress. Furthermore, Cookson quotes that, â€Å"The musical currents of blues and jazz, the rhythm of rap songs, and the language of the Bible mingle in her poems. Through the creativity of similes and imagery i n Angelou's poem â€Å"Still I Rise† she is able to paint a picture of herself that reveals her as a strong woman of color by displaying her level of determination and perseverance to overcome racial discrimination. In the first stanza of this particular poem, she has an attitude that exemplifies her strong-willed character as she refers to the many things that she has encountered throughout her lifetime. In line 4 of the poem she declares that despite her circumstance â€Å"still† like the â€Å"dust† of the ground she shall rise.Thus, proving statements made by Cookson when she writes â€Å"†¦ The language of the bible mingle in her poems†. Biblically speaking, God made mankind through the dust of the ground, so in essence Angelou is using imagery to show that just as God made man rise from dust, no matter what force is against her she can still rise up and be triumphant. By taking the lyrics of Angelou's poem into consideration, one may notice tha t she expresses herself in a way that corresponds to the harsh discrimination she endured.In the words of Cookson, Still I rise is â€Å"a poem about the survival of black women despite every kind of humiliation†¦ America has subjected them since the days of slavery†(800). With this statement in mind, there should be no question of the auditor in her poem, as it seems to be the predominating white race in America. In the following lines Angelou reveals her strength to tolerate discrimination: You may shoot me with your words, You may cut me with your eyes, You may kill me with your hatefulness, But still, like air, I'll rise.Angelou's takes this as an opportunity to convey her feelings towards the discrimination She has endured. In the above stanza, she illuminates that she has been â€Å"hated on†, â€Å"looked down upon†, and â€Å"spoken to harshly† because of her color. But, she doesn't allow herself to be broken by the circumstances she faces. I n any event, she â€Å"rises†. By venting on Angelou's poetry analytically, one can see that her character symbolizes a woman who is strong, tolerant, modest, and perseverant in the face of adversity. In her poem â€Å"Still I Rise† she goes on to say â€Å"I am the dream and the hope of the slave†.This is Angelou bold stating that where others have failed, she has prospered because of her perseverance and commitment to herself to be who she is—â€Å"A Phenomenal Woman, Phenomenally†. Works Cited Cecil, Kelly Holland. Maya Angelou -1928. 1998. 20 4 2012 . Cookson, Sandra. World Literature Today. Vol. Vol. 69. Autumn: World Literature Today, 1995. Penguin Creative. Dr. Maya Angelou, The Official Website . 2012 . .